认知
心理学
理解力
对比度(视觉)
流体智能
流动和结晶的智力
认知心理学
听力学
认知功能衰退
情感(语言学)
认知测验
考试(生物学)
认知负荷
认知资源理论
执行职能
启动(农业)
睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响
发展心理学
工作记忆
医学
计算机科学
人工智能
沟通
生物
植物
痴呆
疾病
程序设计语言
发芽
神经科学
古生物学
病理
作者
Carlos Rojas,Bernardo Riffo,Ernesto Guerra
标识
DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1007048
摘要
During the fourth age, a marked physiological deterioration and critical points of dysfunction are observed, during which cognitive performance exhibits a marked decline in certain skills (fluid intelligence) but good performance of others (crystallized intelligence). Experimental evidence describes important constraints on word production during old age, accompanied by a relative stabilization of speech comprehension. However, cognitive changes associated with advanced aging could also affect comprehension, particularly word recognition. The present study examines how the visual recognition of words is affected during the fourth age when tasks involving different cognitive loads are applied. Through linear regression models, performance was compared between two third-age groups and a fourth-age group on reaction time (RT) and accuracy in naming, priming and lexical decision experiments. The fourth-age group showed a significant RT increase in all experiments. In contrast, accuracy was good when the task involved a low cognitive demand (Experiments 1 and 2); however, when a decisional cognitive factor was included (Experiment 3), the fourth-age group performed significantly worse than the younger third-age group. We argue that the behavior observed among fourth-age individuals is consistent with an unbalanced cognitive configuration, in which the fluid intelligence deficit significantly reduces the speed necessary to recognize words, independent of the cognitive load associated with the test. In contrast, the maintenance in crystallized intelligence improves the accuracy of the process, strengthening linguistic functionality in the advanced stages of old age.
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