清脆的
生物
反式激活crRNA
计算生物学
Cas9
质粒
古细菌
遗传学
基因组
噬菌体
基因
大肠杆菌
作者
Devaki Bhaya,Michelle Davison,Rodolphe Barrangou
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Genetics
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2011-12-15
卷期号:45 (1): 273-297
被引量:823
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132430
摘要
Bacteria and archaea have evolved defense and regulatory mechanisms to cope with various environmental stressors, including virus attack. This arsenal has been expanded by the recent discovery of the versatile CRISPR-Cas system, which has two novel features. First, the host can specifically incorporate short sequences from invading genetic elements (virus or plasmid) into a region of its genome that is distinguished by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). Second, when these sequences are transcribed and precisely processed into small RNAs, they guide a multifunctional protein complex (Cas proteins) to recognize and cleave incoming foreign genetic material. This adaptive immunity system, which uses a library of small noncoding RNAs as a potent weapon against fast-evolving viruses, is also used as a regulatory system by the host. Exciting breakthroughs in understanding the mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas system and its potential for biotechnological applications and understanding evolutionary dynamics are discussed.
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