Aerosol inhalation of total ginsenosides repairs acute lung injury and inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through SMAD2 signaling-mediated mechanism

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lung disease caused by previous acute lung injury (ALI), but there is currently no satisfactory therapy available. Aerosol inhalation of medicine is an effective way for treating PF. Total ginsenosides (TG) shows potential for the treatment of ALI and PF, but the effects of inhaled TG remain unclear.