Hierarchically Structured Nanoparticle-Free Omniphobic Membrane for High-Performance Membrane Distillation

膜蒸馏 接触角 材料科学 化学工程 润湿 海水淡化 纳米颗粒 相位反转 纳米技术 化学 复合材料 生物化学 工程类
作者
Meng Li,Yang Cao,Xuan Zhang
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:57 (14): 5841-5851 被引量:27
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c07880
摘要

The functional loss of membranes caused by pore wetting, mineral scaling, or structural instability is a critical challenge in membrane distillation (MD), which primarily hinders its practical applications. Herein, we propose a novel and facile strategy to fabricate omniphobic membranes with exceptionally robust MD performance. Specifically, a substrate with a hierarchical re-entrant architecture was constructed via spray-water-assisted non-solvent-induced phase separation (SWNIPS), followed by a direct fluorinated surface decoration via "thiol-ene" click chemistry. Deionized (DI) water contact angle measurements revealed an ultrahigh surface water contact angle (166.8 ± 1.8°) and an ultralow sliding angle (3.6 ± 1.1°) of the resultant membrane. Destructive abrasion cycle and ultrasonication tests confirmed its structural robustness. Moreover, the membrane possessed excellent wetting resistance, as evidenced by the prevention of membrane pore penetration by all low-surface-tension testing liquids, allowing stable long-term MD operation to treat brine wastewater with a surfactant content of 0.6 mM. In a desalination experiment using shale gas wastewater, the omniphobic membrane exhibited robust MD performance, achieving a high water recovery ratio of ∼60% without apparent changes in water flux and permeate conductivity over the entire membrane process. Overall, our study paves the way for a nanoparticle-free methodology for the scalable fabrication of high-performance MD membranes with surface omniphobicity and structural robustness in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
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