生物
转移RNA
遗传密码
密码子使用偏好性
翻译(生物学)
摆动碱基对
遗传学
翻译效率
计算生物学
核糖体
基因组
氨基酸
核糖核酸
信使核糖核酸
基因
作者
Christina E. Brule,Elizabeth J. Grayhack
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2017.02.001
摘要
The genetic code, which defines the amino acid sequence of a protein, also contains information that influences the rate and efficiency of translation. Neither the mechanisms nor functions of codon-mediated regulation were well understood. The prevailing model was that the slow translation of codons decoded by rare tRNAs reduces efficiency. Recent genome-wide analyses have clarified several issues. Specific codons and codon combinations modulate ribosome speed and facilitate protein folding. However, tRNA availability is not the sole determinant of rate; rather, interactions between adjacent codons and wobble base pairing are key. One mechanism linking translation efficiency and codon use is that slower decoding is coupled to reduced mRNA stability. Changes in tRNA supply mediate biological regulationfor instance, changes in tRNA amounts facilitate cancer metastasis.
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