Evaluation of deproteinised bovine bone matrix combined with absorbable biofilm for the preservation of extraction sites of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth

Bone defects and deep periodontal pockets often exist distal to the second molar after mandibular third molar extraction, seriously threatening the periodontal health of the second molar.To evaluate the effect of socket preservation with bone substitute materials on alveolar bone resorption and prevention of the distal periodontal defect of the adjacent tooth after mandibular impacted third molar extraction compared with natural healing.Ninety-nine patients with mandibular impacted teeth, treated in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020, were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent minimally invasive tooth extraction and socket preservation using the deproteinised bovine bone mineral, Bio-Oss and the bioabsorbable collagen membrane, Bio-Gide. The control group healed naturally after minimally invasive tooth extraction. The alveolar ridge dimension of the extraction sites, the probing depth, tooth mobility and gingival index on the distal aspect of the mandibular second molars were examined and recorded before and six months after the operations.There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the alveolar bone width (P< 0.05) and height (P< 0.05) before and after surgery. The probing depth of the extraction sites in both groups was reduced.Using Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide to preserve extraction sites of impacted teeth can promote recovery more effectively than natural healing on the height of the distal alveolar bone and the width of the alveolar crest of the second molar and thus improve the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar.