Recent advances in synthesis and applications of metal–organic frameworks for sample preparation in antibiotic analysis

The antibiotic residues can remain in food and enter the human body through the food chain, posing a significant threat to public health. Therefore, antibiotic analysis depend on sustainable sample preparation techniques has raised much attention to researchers recently. As a growing trend, the combination of conventional sample preparation methods and adsorbents provides a rapid approach to extract and determine antibiotics. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a kind of porous inorganic–organic hybrid networks connected by coordination bonds. Due to their high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, adjustable porosity, layered structure and recyclable performance, they are considered as important materials for the adsorption of antibiotics from different sample substrates and has been widely studied. On this basis, this review focuses on the controllable preparation, functional modification, and structural regulation of MOFs, as well as their applications as adsorption materials for the enrichment of antibiotics. To better understand the role of MOFs as adsorbents in antibiotic sample preparation, the adsorption mechanism of MOFs and antibiotics are presented. The research challenges and development trends are also prospected for further deepening and extending the study and application of MOF materials. Moreover, this review will provide some insights into new directions and help researchers gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of MOFs in the field of recent antibiotic enrichment and analysis.