Production of cytidine 5′-diphosphorylcholine with high utilization of ATP by whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cytidine 5′-diphosphorylcholine (CDP-choline) was produced using a high efficiency ATP regeneration system and the Kennedy pathway in whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae As 2.398. Out of eight variables, KH2PO4, glycerol and (NH4)2SO4 were considered to be the most significant factors by response surface methodology including a Plackett–Burman design, path of steepest accent and central composite design. The optimum levels of the three variables were 20.13 g/L KH2PO4, 12.35 g/L glycerol and 0.49 g/L (NH4)2SO4, respectively. Energy utilization efficiency increased from 10.59% to 16.72% and choline chloride conversion yields increased from 12.35% to 42.78%. A high efficiency ATP regeneration system improves CDP-choline production.