Exploring the Human-AI Interactive Negotiation Competence and Interaction Mindsets of University English Learners: A Study in China

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in foreign language teaching is undergoing significant transformation, and as a result, there is a need to conduct research on Human-AI Interactive Negotiation Competence (HAINC) and interaction mindsets. This study conducted a survey at a Project 211 university in China to collect data on the HAINC and interaction mindsets of university English learners. The collected data were then quantitatively analyzed. The results revealed that the HAINC of university English learners is at an above-average level. Although learners have a relatively comprehensive understanding of AI, they lack the practical application skills necessary to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, the study uncovered significant differences in interaction mindsets among learners with varying levels of HAINC, with only a small proportion possessing both high-level cognitive abilities and effective interaction strategies. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for foreign language teaching and expands the scope of research on HAINC, aiming to provide insights for the development of human-AI foreign language learning environments.