HO-1-induced autophagy establishes a HO-1-p62-Nrf2 positive feedback loop to reduce gut permeability in cholestatic liver disease

Objectives The gut-liver axis disruption is a unified pathogenetic principle of cholestatic liver disease (CSLD). Increased gut permeability is the leading cause of gut-liver axis disruption. HO-1 is capable of protecting against gut-liver axis injury. However, it has rarely been reported whether autophagy is involved in HO-1 protecting gut-liver barrier integrity and the underlying mechanism.