Reliability analysis method for tunnel structural design: Brief review and relevant prospects

Ensuring the reliability of tunnel support systems is crucial for their safe and uninterrupted use. However, tunnel engineering involves numerous uncertain factors, such as the surrounding rock and its interaction with the support structure; accordingly, the reliability of the tunnel support structure is more complex than that of the ground structure. To address these challenges, researchers are developing structural reliability design methods based on probability statistics. In this review, we examined the application of reliability analysis theory in tunnel support engineering. We first identified three main uncertain factors affecting the reliability of the lining: Rock and soil parameters, the support structure itself, and the mechanical calculation model. We then compared and summarized the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable conditions of different reliability analysis methods. Next, we introduced the reliability checking of bearing capacity limit and serviceability limit states, as well as the progress made in reliability-based optimization design. Lastly, we suggested possible research directions for the reliability analysis of tunnel lining structures. This review highlights the positive role of reliability theory in the design of tunnel support structures and may provide a valuable reference and suggestions for future research.