Magnetic-metal organic framework (magnetic-MOF): A novel platform for enzyme immobilization and nanozyme applications

Enzymes are nature's catalysts which are highly selective and efficient. Recently, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have captivated great attention as an attractive porous support matrix for immobilization of enzymes. An outstanding improvement in catalytic efficiency, enhanced chemical/thermal stability, easy accessibility to active sites, promising recyclability and high enzyme loading are some of the fascinating features of enzyme-MOF composites. Due to low density and high dispersion, the handling and separation of enzyme-MOF composites is challenging. Hence, metal organic framework with magnetic properties (magnetic–MOF) can be a potential candidate as it possesses sophisticated structural design integrated with magnetic properties. Specifically designed magnetic–MOF offers novel properties such as devisable composition, large surface area, easy loading and rapid collection which make it potential amenable for enzyme immobilization (magnetic-enzyme-MOF). This article highlights the different strategies for enzyme immobilization such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, co-ordination bonding and de novo encapsulation method. It further discusses about the artificial enzyme properties of magnetic–MOF coupled with enzyme to extend its application in biosensor.