Recent advances of nanomaterials for intervention in Parkinson’s disease in the context of anti-inflammation

Inflammation and neuroinflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Nanomaterials with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties have emerged as promising candidates for the alleviation of PD. In this review, pathological factors triggering inflammation and neuroinflammation, such as α-synuclein (SNCA) aggregation and microglia activation, are described in the context of PD initiation and progression. Subsequently, we review targeted delivery strategies, including blood–brain barrier-crossing, inflammation-targeting, and inflammation-responsive strategies. Finally, we review the current status of nanomaterials developed during the past several years for intervention in PD and categorize them according to their mechanism of alleviating PD, including interference with SNCA pathology, anti-inflammation by scavenging ROS, opening up cellular clearance, polarization of microglia, and anti-inflammation by bioactive substances.