脂解
产热
内科学
内分泌学
脂肪细胞
脂肪组织
葡萄糖摄取
化学
白色脂肪组织
碳水化合物代谢
胰岛素抵抗
脂肪因子
脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶
生物
胰岛素
医学
作者
Svetlana Michurina,Margarita Agareva,Ekaterina Zubkova,Mikhail Menshikov,Iurii Stafeev,Yelena Parfyonova
摘要
The development of cardiometabolic complications during obesity is strongly associated with chronic latent inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue (AT). IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, playing a protective role against insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and weight gain. The positive effects of IL-4 are associated not only with the activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells in AT, but also with the modulation of adipocyte metabolism. IL-4 is known to activate lipolysis and glucose uptake in adipocytes, but the precise regulatory mechanisms and physiological significance of these processes remain unclear. In this study, we detail IL-4 effects on glucose and triacylglycerides (TAG) metabolism and propose mechanisms of IL-4 metabolic action in adipocytes.  We have shown that IL-4 activates glucose oxidation, lipid droplet (LD) fragmentation, lipolysis and thermogenesis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that lipolysis was not accompanied by fatty acids (FA) release from adipocytes, suggesting FA re-esterification. Moreover, glucose oxidation and thermogenesis stimulation depended on adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, but not the uncoupling protein (UCP1) expression. Based on these data, IL-4 may activate the futile TAG-FA cycle in adipocytes, which enhances the oxidative activity of cells and heat production. Thus, the positive effect of IL-4 on systemic metabolism can be the result of activation of non-canonical thermogenic mechanism in AT, increasing TAG turnover and utilization of excessive glucose.
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