Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplantation

Pneumocystis infection manifests predominantly as an interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients . Diagnostic testing in the appropriate clinical context can be highly sensitive and specific and involves radiographic imaging, fungal biomarkers, nucleic acid amplification , histopathology , and lung fluid or tissue sampling. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the first-choice agent for treatment and prophylaxis. Investigation continues to promote a deeper understanding of the pathogen’s ecology, epidemiology , host susceptibility , and optimal treatment and prevention strategies in solid organ transplant recipients.