神经科学
变质塑性
生物
突触可塑性
同突触可塑性
非突触性可塑性
促进
可塑性
突触增强
神经促进
刺激(心理学)
突触标度
神经可塑性
稳态可塑性
突触疲劳
长时程增强
发育可塑性
细胞生物学
突触
神经系统
心理学
兴奋性突触后电位
认知心理学
抑制性突触后电位
物理
受体
热力学
生物化学
出处
期刊:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
[Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory]
日期:2012-07-01
卷期号:4 (7): a005702-a005702
被引量:352
标识
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a005702
摘要
Different types of synapses are specialized to interpret spike trains in their own way by virtue of the complement of short-term synaptic plasticity mechanisms they possess. Numerous types of short-term, use-dependent synaptic plasticity regulate neurotransmitter release. Short-term depression is prominent after a single conditioning stimulus and recovers in seconds. Sustained presynaptic activation can result in more profound depression that recovers more slowly. An enhancement of release known as facilitation is prominent after single conditioning stimuli and lasts for hundreds of milliseconds. Finally, tetanic activation can enhance synaptic strength for tens of seconds to minutes through processes known as augmentation and posttetantic potentiation. Progress in clarifying the properties, mechanisms, and functional roles of these forms of short-term plasticity is reviewed here.
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