Association between antihypertensive drugs and oral cancer: a drug target Mendelian randomization study

Background: Recent reports have suggested that antihypertensive drugs may play an oncogenic role in common cancers, but it is still uncertain whether this could influence the risk of oral cancer. Through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we sought to assess the causal effect of antihypertensive drugs on oral cancer outcomes. Methods: To proxy the exposure of antihypertensive drugs, we utilized two genetic instruments, including expression quantitative trait loci of drug target genes and genetic variants within or around drug target genes related to blood pressure from genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) and summary-data-based MR (SMR) were employed to compute the instrument effect estimates. Results: It was observed through IVW-MR analysis that there is a positive relationship between KCNH2 (target of beta-adrenoceptor blockers)–mediated blood pressure and oral cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.197, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.028–1.394). Similarly, SMR analysis demonstrated that a higher expression of KCNH2 (target of beta-adrenoceptor blockers) was linked to a greater risk of oral cancer (OR = 2.223, 95% CI = 1.094–4.516). Both analyses yielded no consistent evidence of other associations. Conclusion: This two-sample MR study proposed a latent causal association between KCNH2 (target of beta-adrenoceptor blockers) inhibition and diminished risk of oral cancer.