An Electromagnetic Band Gap-Based Complementary Split Ring Resonator Loaded Patch Antenna for Glucose Level Measurement

This paper reports a novel antenna design using a complementary split-ring resonator loaded truncated patch along with electromagnetic band gap structure etching on the ground plane. It can be used for non-invasive measurement of glucose concentration in blood plasma. The size of antenna design is compact having volume ( $20\times 15\times 1.524$ ) mm3. It has a wide bandwidth of 5.2 GHz, which covers a range from 24.1 GHz to 29.3 GHz with a resonant frequency of 25.55 GHz. 3D model of the fingertip is loaded on the radiating patch which works as an RF sensor. Simulation results of reflection coefficient S11 (dB) shows a deviation in resonant frequency due to change in electrical properties of blood plasma such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. After proper calibration in laboratory, such type of changes can be utilized in the glucose concentration monitoring of diabetic patients non-invasively. In laboratory, the measurements of S11 (dB) and frequency shift with respect to different time periods are observed. The proposed antenna works as an RF sensor that is able to transmit in 5G range from 24.1 GHz to 29.3 GHz for glucose level monitoring in real-time access. The accuracy and sensitivity of the proposed antenna based RF sensor towards small variation in electrical properties of blood due to change in blood glucose concentration are also evaluated and they are found to be satisfactory.