RF/Microwave Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: An Overview of the Limitations, Challenges & State-of-the-Art

There has been a lot of research on non-invasive blood glucose monitoring techniques, where there are various measurement methods that can be used, such as electromagnetic, optical or acoustic. However, there is still not a truly non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system available. This is due to the challenging nature of the task and the shortcomings of each measurement technique if employed alone. This paper focuses on the RF/microwave measurement technique and provides an overview of the state-of-the-art and the challenges associated with this technique for achieving acceptable measurement accuracy.