Method for reconstructing femoral head blood supply by anastomosing the intraosseous artery

BackgroundThe reconstruction of femoral head blood supply is crucial in the management of avascular necrosis and related conditions. This study presents a method for reconstructing the femoral head blood supply by anastomosing the intraosseous artery.MethodsThe femoral heads of six male Landrace swine were surgically exposed, and subcranial fractures of the femoral neck were intentionally created. Under microscopic guidance, the trophoblastic foramen of the posterior supporting artery was identified. Subsequently, a triangular bone window was carefully crafted to expose the intraosseous artery. Following the fixation of the femoral head, an anastomosis was performed between the intraosseous artery and the posterior inferior supporting artery located at the distal end of the fracture. The assessment of femoral head blood supply was conducted using Kirschner's pinhole and angiography techniques.ResultsThe anastomotic intraosseous artery exhibited a vibrant red color, indicating adequate blood perfusion, and demonstrated pulsatile flow. Observation through pinholes in the surface of the femoral head revealed continuous blood flow. Angiography further confirmed the successful circulation, as the contrast agent entered the inferior retinacular artery branch originating from the deep femoral artery. The contrast agent then proceeded to enter the femoral head through the retinacular artery, reaching the anastomosis site of the intraosseous artery. Notably, the angiography also revealed the presence of visible internal branches, highlighting the establishment of a functional vascular network.DiscussionThe method of reconstructing the blood supply to the femoral head through anastomosis of the intraosseous artery enables utilization of the existing blood supply system within the femoral head. This study is just a preliminary study of this innovative technique that has the potential to prevent and/or treat femoral head necrosis following a femoral neck fracture. By restoring adequate blood flow to the affected area, this approach holds promise in preserving the viability and functionality of the femoral head, ultimately improving patient outcomes.