Sustainable Development in the Plastic Industry: A Promising Future or Just a Hoax? Past, Present, and Future Perspectives from a Global Viewpoint

The issue of fossil-based plastics presents a paradox, with conflicting solutions proposed. While an idealistic vision promotes biodegradable plastics as the ultimate solution, the reality is that fossil-based plastics dominate production, constituting approximately 99%. Despite the conceptual appeal of biodegradable plastics, their practical implementation remains limited with minimal production. Consequently, the current plastic waste management system faces challenges, with only 25% of total plastic waste being recycled in 2023. A significant portion, around 31.2%, is incinerated, and 43.8% ends up in landfills or is improperly disposed of, reflecting a non-sustainable approach. Projections suggest a potential increase in recycling rates to nearly 44% by 2050, but incineration remains alarmingly high at close to 50%. To achieve sustainable growth and create a carbon and toxic-free environment, there is a need for a renewed commitment to accelerate the reuse and recycling of plastic waste. Failure to do so risks perpetuating the condemnation of fossil-based plastics, despite their significant historical contributions to society and the environment.