遗传密码
转移RNA
翻译(生物学)
氨基酸
氨酰tRNA合成酶
核糖体
蛋白质生物合成
计算生物学
核糖核酸
同源
生物
生物化学
信使核糖核酸
遗传学
基因
哲学
语言学
作者
Jiqiang Ling,Noah M. Reynolds,Michael Ibba
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Microbiology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2009-10-01
卷期号:63 (1): 61-78
被引量:313
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073210
摘要
Translating the 4-letter code of RNA into the 22-letter alphabet of proteins is a central feature of cellular life. The fidelity with which mRNA is translated during protein synthesis is determined by two factors: the availability of aminoacyl-tRNAs composed of cognate amino acid:tRNA pairs and the accurate selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs on the ribosome. The role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in translation is to define the genetic code by accurately pairing cognate tRNAs with their corresponding amino acids. Synthetases achieve the amino acid substrate specificity necessary to keep errors in translation to an acceptable level in two ways: preferential binding of the cognate amino acid and selective editing of near-cognate amino acids. Editing significantly decreases the frequency of errors and is important for translational quality control, and many details of the various editing mechanisms and their effect on different cellular systems are now starting to emerge.
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