Effect of nonlocal grazing on dry-land vegetation dynamics

放牧 植被(病理学) 生态系统 环境科学 生态学 空间异质性 食草动物 觅食 空间分布 放牧压力 自然地理学 大气科学 地理 地质学 遥感 生物 病理 医学
作者
Mrinal Kanti Pal,Swarup Poria
出处
期刊:Physical review [American Physical Society]
卷期号:106 (5) 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1103/physreve.106.054407
摘要

Dry-land ecosystems have become a matter of grave concern, due to the growing threat of land degradation and bioproductivity loss. Self-organized vegetation patterns are a remarkable characteristic of these ecosystems; apart from being visually captivating, patterns modulate the system response to increasing environmental stress. Empirical studies hinted that herbivory is one the key regulatory mechanisms behind pattern formation and overall ecosystem functioning. However, most of the mathematical models have taken a mean-field strategy to grazing; foraging has been considered to be independent of spatial distribution of vegetation. To this end, an extended version of the celebrated plant-water model due to Klausmeier has been taken as the base here. To encompass the effect of heterogeneous vegetation distribution on foraging intensity and subsequent impact on entire ecosystem, grazing is considered here to depend on spatially weighted average vegetation density instead of density at a particular point. Moreover, varying influence of vegetation at any location over gazing elsewhere is incorporated by choosing a suitable averaging function. A comprehensive analysis demonstrates that inclusion of spatial nonlocality alters the understanding of system dynamics significantly. The grazing ecosystem is found to be more resilient to increasing aridity than it was anticipated to be in earlier studies on nonlocal grazing. The system response to rising environmental pressure is also observed to vary depending on the grazer. Obtained results also suggest the possibility of multistability due to the history dependence of the system response. Overall, this work indicates that the spatial heterogeneity in grazing intensity has a decisive role to play in the functioning of water-limited ecosystems.
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