医学
下巴
前额
循证医学
鼻子
脸颊
队列研究
梅德林
鼻整形术
口腔正畸科
牙科
外科
解剖
替代医学
病理
政治学
法学
作者
Ryan Faderani,Prateush Singh,Massimo Monks,Shivani Dhar,Eva G. Krumhuber,Afshin Mosahebi,Allan Ponniah
出处
期刊:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
[Oxford University Press]
日期:2023-09-11
卷期号:44 (1): NP1-NP15
被引量:3
摘要
Abstract Background To achieve the goal of enhancing facial beauty it is crucial for aesthetic physicians and plastic surgeons to have a deep understanding of aesthetic ideals. Although numerous aesthetic criteria have been proposed over the years, there is a lack of empirical analysis supporting many of these standards. Objectives This aim of this review was to undertake the first exploration of the empirical evidence concerning the aesthetic ideals of the face in the existing literature. Methods A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and CENTRAL databases was conducted for primary clinical studies reporting on the classification of the facial aesthetic units as per the Gonzales-Ulloa facial aesthetic unit classification from January 1962 to November 2022. Results A total of 36 articles were included in the final review: 12 case series, 14 cohort studies, and 10 comparative studies. These described the aesthetic ideals of the following areas: forehead (6 studies; mean level of evidence, 3.33); nose (9 studies; mean level of evidence, 3.6); orbit (6 studies; mean level of evidence, 3); cheek (4 studies; mean level of evidence, 4.07); lips (6 studies; mean level of evidence, 3.33); chin (4 studies; mean level of evidence, 3.75); ear (1 study; level of evidence, 4). Conclusions The units that were most extensively studied were the nose, forehead, and lip, and these studies also appeared in journals with higher impact factors than other subunits. Conversely, the chin and ear subunits had the fewest studies conducted on them and had lower impact factors. To provide a useful resource for readers, it would be prudent to identify and discuss influential papers for each subunit. Level of Evidence: 3
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