[Molecular detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus].

The development of cervical cancer is associated with persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus. The detection and genotyping of HPV could be used to evaluate the epidemiology of HPV infections, monitor HPV vaccine efficacy, and screen cervical cancer. There are a lot of commercially available molecular tests for HPV, based on different methodologies and detection systems. In principle, it mainly includes two categories, namely signal amplification and target amplification. Most of them are based on PCR amplification, such as fluorescent PCR, PCR-reverse hybridization, etc. The performances of detection reagents are different. In addition, HPV genotyping assays based on next-generation sequencing and quantitative HPV detection kits are developed. However, only a small number of commercial assays have been clinically verified. A large number of assays which may bring greater values in the screening of cervical cancer are needed to be clinically validated.高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)的持续性感染是引起宫颈癌的主要原因。分子生物学检测HPV核酸DNA或RNA，可用于HPV的流行病学调查、疫苗的效力评价和宫颈癌的筛查。许多商业化的HPV核酸(分型)检测试剂盒基于不同的方法学和检测系统，从原理上主要包括两大类，即信号放大法和靶向扩增法，大多数以PCR扩增为主，不同检测试剂的性能存在一定的差异。目前，基于二代测序和定量HPV核酸检测试剂也在不断研究中，只有少量试剂在临床上进行了验证，大量的试剂亟需进行临床适用性验证，从而发挥更大的临床价值。.