蒙特利尔议定书
公共物品
叙述的
经济
国际贸易
业务
臭氧
国际经济学
臭氧层
微观经济学
化学
语言学
哲学
有机化学
摘要
Abstract This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful in solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low and with the often-heard narrative that substitutes were readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental agreements.
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