Trends in enzyme mimics for enhanced catalytic cascade systems for bio-sensing of environmental pollutants -A review

In the fields of environmental research, developing innovative catalytic cascade systems (CCS) to simulate multiple enzyme-driven biological catalytic cascades (ME-DBCC) processes in vitro is often required for identifying pollutants. Nanozymes are recently employed in the creation of biomimetic cascade nanoreactors (BCNR) owing to their high catalytic kinetics. BCNR powered by nanozymes has improved cascade catalytic activity and great stability, leading to enhanced biosensing of environmental pollutants. This article covers relevant research on the involvement of inorganic enzymes in regulating the performance of biomimetic catalytic systems (BCSs). The significance of enzyme mimics and the need to tune their catalysis will be discussed first. Followed by the most recent breakthroughs in comprehending the cascade catalytic mechanism of nanozyme-engineered biomimetic cascade catalytic nanoreactors (nanozymes-BCCNR), as well as their evolving utilization in biosensing of environmental pollutants and biomedical applications, are extensively discussed in this publication. In the final section of this manuscript, the major crucial difficulties, and possibilities, as well as the prospects, are highlighted.