医学
疾病
肾脏疾病
冠状动脉疾病
心力衰竭
随机对照试验
情感(语言学)
性别特征
生理学
内科学
心理学
沟通
作者
Tae Won Yi,Adeera Levin
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.04.009
摘要
This review on sex, gender, and cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease attempts to summarize what we know and what we do not know about the effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. We discuss and define the terminology of sex and gender, and the underlying physiology for differences observed. We explore how sex and gender affect specific cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiovascular mortality, and pre-eclampsia. We conclude with a review of recent randomized controlled trials and highlight the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in both sexes.
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