Association of chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea with renal stones: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010

Renal stone is a highly prevalent life-long disease with a high recurrence rate. Chronic bowel diseases, including chronic gastrointestinal symptoms (chronic constipation or chronic diarrhea), are common gastrointestinal problems. We aimed to evaluate the associations of chronic constipation and chronic diarrhea with renal stones.