Noninvasive cerebellar stimulation and behavioral interventions: A crucial synergy for post-stroke motor rehabilitation

Improvement of functional movements after supratentorial stroke occurs through spontaneous biological recovery and training-induced reorganization of remnant neural networks. The cerebellum, through its connectivity with the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord, is actively engaged in both recovery and reorganization processes within the cognitive and sensorimotor systems. Noninvasive cerebellar stimulation (NiCBS) offers a safe, clinically feasible and potentially effective way to modulate the excitability of spared neural networks and promote movement recovery after supratentorial stroke. NiCBS modulates cerebellar connectivity to the cerebral cortex and brainstem, as well as influences the sensorimotor and frontoparietal networks.