This study examines how public data access affects corporate green innovation efficiency using Chinese listed firm data from 2011 to 2022 and adopts a difference-in-difference model to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms. The findings suggest that implementing public data access can effectively improve corporate green innovation efficiency. Further, the positive impact is achieved by broadening knowledge width and stimulating corporate the number of green innovation applications. This study contributes to the research on the economic impacts of government public data transparency and the factors influencing audit prices. Moreover, it underscores the significance of data components in enhancing technology innovation.