Electrochemiluminescence sensing platform based on functionalized poly-(styrene-co-maleicanhydride) nanocrystals and iron doped hydroxyapatite for CYFRA 21-1 immunoassay

This report outlines a versatile novel quenching electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission with aggregation induced emission (AIE) from TP−COOH NCs, which was utilized by poly-(styrene-co-maleicanhydride) to wrap on tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals. On the one hand, the cathode emission excited at -1.15 V could reduce emission produced by oxygen from high potential stimulation, on the other hand, such low potential can further protect the activity of immune molecules. Meanwhile, the coating can reduce interface impedance and completed functionalization. Herein, based on the synergistic effect of electron transfer and energy transfer between TP−COOH NCs and iron doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAP), the high efficiency of this ECL sensing platform can be achieved. The proposed ECL immunosensor for detection of trace Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21−1 (CYFRA21−1), exhibited a satisfied detection limit low to 0.01471 pg/mL (S/N = 3). As a result, this approach not only enriches the ECL strategies study to provide a feasible method for foundational clinical examination but also expands the potential application of ECL sensors in biological testing and clinical high-throughput diagnosis.