Enhancing interfacial charge transfer in a WO3/BiVO4 photoanode heterojunction through gallium and tungsten co-doping and a sulfur modified Bi2O3 interfacial layer

Photoanodes containing a WO₃/BiVO₄ heterojunction have demonstrated promising photoelectrochemical water splitting performance, but the ability to effectively passivate the WO₃/BiVO₄ interface has limited charge transport and collection.