Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized bacterial cellulose as an efficient healing material for diabetic wounds

The unique pool of features makes bacterial cellulose (BC) a robust platform to tailor its functionalities. Herein, the BC matrix was reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to control infection and accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. The prepared BC-MWCNT composite film was characterized and antibacterial activity was assessed. Further, the in-vivo wound healing activity was performed and temporal expression of interleukin (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelets derived growth factor (PDGF) was quantitatively measured by real-time PCR. The characterization results confirmed the reinforcement of the BC matrix with MWCNT. The composite film showed antibacterial activity against all the tested strains. Moreover, the macroscopic analysis of the wound demonstrated faster closure of the diabetic wound in BC-MWCNT group (99% healing) as compared to negative control (77%) in 21 days. Histological studies further supported the results where complete reepithelization of the epidermis and healthy granulation tissue were observed in BC-MWCNT treated group. Molecular studies revealed that BC-MWCNT group showed relatively lesser expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α and higher expression of VEGF than control that may have favored the faster healing. This study suggested that the tailorable properties of BC can be exploited to develop composites with potential applications in diabetic wound healing.