May sediments affect the inhibiting properties of NaCl on CH4 and CO2 hydrates formation? an experimental report

The equilibria of methane and carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates were measured in presence of a pure-quartz porous sand, with and without NaCl. Two different salt concentrations were tested: 0.030 and 0.037 wt%. Results were compared with phase equilibrium data already present in literature for these species. Despite salt, the porous medium was found to promote the process, mainly for the increased surface/volume ratio and for the improved heat transfer. In presence of salt, sand affected the process differently as a function of temperature: at values higher than 3 – 5 °C, it promoted the process, while for values lower than this range, but still greater than the ice-point, it acted as an inhibitor. However, these results can be considered true only for temperatures above the ice point. Due to similarity of ice water with clathrate hydrates, Raman microscale measurements were performed to gather information about the influence of sediments, salt, and temperature on OH-stretching vibrations of water. The obtained results allowed to clarify how the addition of NaCl, and or sediments to liquid water, under different temperature conditions (15 °C and −15 °C), influenced the water hydrogen bonds. Specifically, the changes of OH-stretching vibrations, when correlated with the NaCl concentrations, demonstrated that the presence of sediments partially inhibited the salt effects in the ice water probably due to hydrophilic interactions with the silanol groups of sediments. SEM measurements showed morphological information on sediments and on ice in different experimental conditions.