Multiphysics modelling of structural battery composites

Structural battery composites are designed to bear loads and store electrical energy simultaneously. One type consists of multifunctional materials such as carbon fibres reinforced in a structural electrolyte matrix. Multiphysics models are being developed to predict and evaluate the coupled performance of these batteries, drawing inspiration from conventional battery models. However, structural battery composites are expected to experience more significant deformation during operation than is induced by electrochemical cycling alone. This review summarizes the current understanding of multiphysics modelling of structural battery composites, highlights recent progress in these coupled models, and discusses opportunities and possible directions for future development.