How does corporate ESG performance affect bond credit spreads: Empirical evidence from China

In recent years, as the concept of sustainable development has grown in popularity, ESG has attracted widespread interest from people of all backgrounds. This paper empirically investigates the impact of corporate ESG performance on bond credit spreads using a sample of 988 bonds issued by 443 A-share listed companies from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2020. Results indicate that bond credit spreads are lower for listed companies with higher ESG performance. Good ESG performance decreases bond credit spreads by decreasing corporate financial risk, enhancing corporate transparency, and decreasing debt agency costs. The effect of ESG performance on bond credit spreads is more pronounced for non-state enterprises, enterprises in poor macroeconomic environments, and enterprises in regions with a higher degree of marketization. This study provides evidence for the positive economic consequences of ESG performance from the perspective of bond financing, with implications for firms to improve ESG performance and bond investors to optimize investment decisions.