效应器
细胞生物学
生物
蛋白质结构域
血浆蛋白结合
受体
信号转导
蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用
先天免疫系统
化学
生物物理学
生物化学
基因
作者
Wen Song,Li Liu,Dongli Yu,Hanna Bernardy,Jan Jirschitzka,Shijia Huang,Aolin Jia,Wictoria Jemielniak,Julia Acker,Henriette Laessle,Junli Wang,Qiaochu Shen,Weijie Chen,Pilong Li,Jane E. Parker,Zhifu Han,Paul Schulze‐Lefert,Jijie Chai
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2024-03-13
卷期号:627 (8005): 847-853
被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-07183-9
摘要
Abstract Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors with an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain mediate recognition of strain-specific pathogen effectors, typically via their C-terminal ligand-sensing domains 1 . Effector binding enables TIR-encoded enzymatic activities that are required for TIR–NLR (TNL)-mediated immunity 2,3 . Many truncated TNL proteins lack effector-sensing domains but retain similar enzymatic and immune activities 4,5 . The mechanism underlying the activation of these TIR domain proteins remain unclear. Here we show that binding of the TIR substrates NAD + and ATP induces phase separation of TIR domain proteins in vitro. A similar condensation occurs with a TIR domain protein expressed via its native promoter in response to pathogen inoculation in planta. The formation of TIR condensates is mediated by conserved self-association interfaces and a predicted intrinsically disordered loop region of TIRs. Mutations that disrupt TIR condensates impair the cell death activity of TIR domain proteins. Our data reveal phase separation as a mechanism for the activation of TIR domain proteins and provide insight into substrate-induced autonomous activation of TIR signalling to confer plant immunity.
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