Exploring the diversity of the Java fern genus Leptochilus (Polypodiaceae) in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot

The species diversity of certain groups of ferns in Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot remains largely unexplored using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Here, based on morphology and an updated phylogeny of Leptochilus with 121 (115% increase of the latest sampling) new samples across Asia added, specifically those of three systematically significant “old” species, L. ovatus, L. pedunculatus, and L. pothifolius, we discovered 11 new species of the genus and made two new combinations. The new species are described in detail, the taxonomic treatment is given, and a key to the 51 currently known species of the genus is provided.