Predicting Response to Intravesical BCG in High-Risk NMIBC Using an Artificial Intelligence–Powered Pathology Assay: Development and Validation in an International 12-Center Cohort

We developed and validated AI-based histologic assays that identify high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer cases at higher risk of recurrence, progression, BCG-unresponsive disease, and cystectomy, potentially aiding clinical decision making.