DESIGN AND STUDY OF DIFFERENT SILK FIBROIN STRUCTURES

Abstract Introduction Tissue engineering (TE) has the capacity to design structures very similar to native tissues in order to restore, maintain or improve their biological functions. Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein that has been used in a wide variety of TE applications. Each SF structure has different mechanical and biological characteristics depending on the morphology and methodology employed. Methods Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons were extracted and processed to obtain SF. Subsequently, films, porous membranes, and electrospun membranes were designed using doctor blade, salt leaching, and electrospinning methodologies, respectively. Furthermore, electrospun SF membranes were developed according to the direction of the strands, obtaining membranes that were oriented as well as with random orientation. All these morphologies were subjected to mechanical, cytotoxicity and degradation studies. Results The most fragile SF structures were the films and the porous membranes, which underwent a maximum modification of approximately 5% with respect to their original size. However, electrospun membranes underwent a change in size of more than 20%. All SF morphologies had biocompatibility values close to 100%. Finally, there was a degradability between 3–5% at 4 weeks in all structures. Conclusions SF has very good mechanical characteristics when designed by electrospinning techniques. Although SF is biocompatible, there is a degradation of the material, which may affect the mechanical properties of the designed structure.