Thin-Film Electrodes Based on Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Neural Interfaces

Detection and monitoring of neural signals is a fast-advancing area of research expected to impact a broad range of advanced applications, from healthcare to brain–machine and even brain-to-brain communications. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, such as graphene, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides, could lead to the development of superior and ultrathin thin-film electrodes for neural interfaces thanks to their atomic thickness, high-conductivity properties, and potential to combine additional functionalities. This review focuses on the recent advancement of 2D materials-based thin-film sensors for monitoring of bio-physiological signals using invasive and noninvasive approaches.