Transient, context‐dependent fitness costs accompanying viral resistance in isolates of the marine microalga Micromonas sp. (class Mamiellophyceae)

生物 背景(考古学) 适应(眼睛) 抗性(生态学) 遗传适应性 溶解循环 实验进化 生物地球化学循环 生态学 病毒 进化生物学 遗传学 生物进化 基因 古生物学 神经科学
作者
Anamica Bedi de Silva,Shawn W. Polson,Karen Oliver,Grieg F. Steward,Kyle F. Edwards
出处
期刊:Environmental Microbiology [Wiley]
卷期号:26 (8)
标识
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.16686
摘要

Abstract Marine microbes are important in biogeochemical cycling, but the nature and magnitude of their contributions are influenced by their associated viruses. In the presence of a lytic virus, cells that have evolved resistance to infection have an obvious fitness advantage over relatives that remain susceptible. However, susceptible cells remain extant in the wild, implying that the evolution of a fitness advantage in one dimension (virus resistance) must be accompanied by a fitness cost in another dimension. Identifying costs of resistance is challenging because fitness is context‐dependent. We examined the context dependence of fitness costs in isolates of the picophytoplankton genus Micromonas and their co‐occurring dsDNA viruses using experimental evolution. After generating 88 resistant lineages from two ancestral Micromonas strains, each challenged with one of four distinct viral strains, we found resistance led to a 46% decrease in mean growth rate under high irradiance and a 19% decrease under low. After a year in culture, the experimentally selected lines remained resistant, but fitness costs had attenuated. Our results suggest that the cost of resistance in Micromonas is dependent on environmental conditions and the duration of population adaptation, illustrating the dynamic nature of fitness costs of viral resistance among marine protists.
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