材料科学
碳纤维
吸收(声学)
海水淡化
碳纳米纤维
离子
能量转换效率
纳米技术
化学工程
蒸发
光电子学
复合材料
碳纳米管
复合数
膜
气象学
物理
工程类
生物
量子力学
遗传学
作者
Qingliang Luo,Yi Yang,Kangkang Wang,Jianyong Yu,Rongwu Wang,Dongxiao Ji,Xiaohong Qin
标识
DOI:10.1007/s40843-023-2431-3
摘要
Carbon materials are commonly used in the solar steam generation because they can absorb broadband light and generate heat effectively. However, conventional carbon with a smooth surface is limited by a moderate reflection of approximately 10%, causing significant reflective energy loss. Thus, we proposed a nanoscale multiple interface strategy to boost the intrinsic light absorption of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for more efficient solar-driven water purification. The multiple interfaces were constructed by introducing hierarchical nanopores in CNFs (HPCNFs) through a facile sacrificial framework method. Owing to the high surface roughness and abundant internal air-dielectric interfaces derived from the hierarchical pores, the HPCNFs show significant improvement in broadband light (300–2500 nm) absorption up to 97.62%, which enables high solar-vapor conversion efficiency of 96.13% and evaporation rate of 1.78 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination, surpassing majority of the related carbon materials. When used for solar steam desalination, the HPCNF film demonstrates high rejection of ions (< 0.05 mg L−1 salt ions) and produces freshwater from the lake at a rate of 11.18 kg m−2 per day, adequate to satisfy the daily needs of 4–5 individuals. This work provides a facile strategy for designing efficient carbon-based solar steam generation materials.
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