Nanotechnology‐Assisted CAR‐T‐Cell Therapy for Tumor Treatment

ABSTRACT The adoptive transfer of T cells redirected by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has made a dramatic breakthrough in defeating hematological malignancies. However, in solid tumor treatment, CAR‐T‐cell therapy has attained limited therapeutic benefits due to insufficient infiltration and expansion, rapidly diminishing function following adoptive transfer, and severe life‐threatening toxicities. To address these challenges, advancements in nanotechnology have utilized innovative approaches to devise stronger CAR‐T cells with reduced toxicity and enhanced anti‐tumor activity. Equipping CAR‐T cells with multifunctional nanoparticles can abrogate immunosuppressive signaling in the tumor area, augment the functions of CAR‐T cells, and mitigate their toxicity against normal tissues. Additionally, nanoparticle‐mediated CAR‐T‐cell programming has the potential to optimize manufacturing and lower the cost for the broader implementation of CAR‐T‐cell therapy. In this review, we introduce the obstacles to be surmounted in CAR‐T‐cell therapy, highlight the nanotechnology‐based strategies that aim to enrich the therapeutic applications of CAR‐T‐cell therapy, and envision the prospect of nanoparticle‐assisted CAR‐T‐cell therapy.