Polyphenol-modified biomimetic bioadhesives for the therapy of annulus fibrosus defect and nucleus pulposus degeneration after discectomy

Discectomy is the surgical standard of care to relieve low back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation. However, there remains annulus fibrosus (AF) defect and nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration, which often result in recurrent herniation (re-herniation). Herein, we develop a polyphenol-modified waterborne polyurethane bioadhesives (PPU-glues) to promote therapy prognosis after discectomy. Being composed of tannic acid (TA) mixed cationic waterborne polyurethane nanodispersions (TA/WPU