医学
抗体
乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白
丙型肝炎病毒
球蛋白
免疫学
性传播
病毒学
内科学
乙型肝炎病毒
病毒
乙型肝炎表面抗原
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)
杀菌剂
作者
Marcello Piazza,Luciano Sagliocca,Grazia Tosone,Vincenzo Guadagnino,Maria Antonietta Stazi,Raffaele Orlando,Guglielmo Borgia,Domenico Rosa,Sergio Abrignani,Filippo Palumbo,Aldo Manzin,Massimo Clementi
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:1997-07-28
卷期号:157 (14): 1537-44
被引量:40
摘要
To estimate the risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C and to assess the value of prophylaxis with periodic intramuscular immune serum globulin administration.Of 1102 steady heterosexual partners of patients with antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), 899 were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. All the partners tested negative for antibodies to HCV and had normal baseline serum aminotransferase concentrations. The partners were assigned to receive 4 mL of 16% polyvalent immune serum globulin prepared from unscreened donors every 2 months (n = 450) or a placebo (n = 449). Tests for HCV infection were performed every 4 months.Eight hundred eighty-four partners completed the study. Seven partners became infected with HCV: 6 in the control group (incidence density, 12.00 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 3.0 21.61) and 1 in the immune serum globulin group (incidence density, 1.98 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval, 0-5.86). The risk of infection was significantly higher for partners in the control group (P = .03): for each year approximately 1% of the partners became infected. Sequence homology studies strongly suggest the sexual transmission of HCV. All immune serum globulin lots used had high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of neutralizing antibodies to HCV envelope glycoproteins and high neutralization titers in the neutralization of binding assay.Hepatitis C can be sexually transmitted. Immune serum globulin prepared from unscreened donors significantly reduced the risk. The treatment was safe and well tolerated. Because only immune serum globulin from unscreened donors (and not from those screened for HCV) contain anti-HCV neutralizing antibodies, hyperimmune anti-HCV immune serum globulin should be prepared from blood testing positive for antibodies to HCV, which is currently discarded.
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