Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestinal community in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis mice and the intervention effect of vitamin E

TiO₂NPs cause microbiota disorders and inflammation risks in healthy mice, but regulate gut microbiota and mitigate colitis symptoms in the TNBS-induced colitis mice, and the effect is independent of the ROS induction capability of TiO₂NPs.