Gene expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA and their clinical implications in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRSwNP are incompletely understood.Objective: This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic characteristics, ceRNA networks, and whether these molecular markers play a role in the occurrence and development of CRSwNP.Methods: Following RNA sequencing, a ceRNA network was predicted and constructed based on the sequencing results and multiple databases.Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) were applied to analyze the potential mechanisms in relation to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration levels in CRSwNP.The candidate genes of differentially expressed (DE) mRNA, DE-lncRNA, DE-miRNA, and DE-circRNA were verified by RT-qPCR, and the back-splice junction of circRNA was verified using Sanger sequencing.The clinical significance of differentially expressed genes was analyzed with correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:We identified 716 DE-mRNA, 230 DE-lncRNA, 42 DE-miRNA, and 46 DE-circRNA, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that they were involved in multiple biological pathways, predominantly those associated with immunity and inflammation.DO analysis revealed CRSwNP is associated with diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and allergic reactions.High expression of circ_0021727 was significantly and positively correlated with several important clinical indicators, and the area under the curve was 0.741. Conclusions:This study provides transcriptomic characteristics, which are potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CRSwNP.