Remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar-loaded nano-zero-valent iron and its microbial community responses

生物炭 零价铁 环境修复 环境化学 放线菌门 土壤污染 环境科学 芽单胞菌门 土壤pH值 微生物种群生物学 污染 化学 土壤水分 土壤科学 细菌 热解 生态学 吸附 生物 有机化学 16S核糖体RNA 基因 遗传学 生物化学
作者
Peipei Song,Jin Liu,Wenjing Ma,Xiaoyu Gao
出处
期刊:Journal of environmental chemical engineering [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:12 (2): 112311-112311 被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2024.112311
摘要

At present, cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil has been increasingly serious, which is adverse to soil health. In this study, biochar (BC) and biochar-loaded nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI@BC) were synthesized for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. The effects of various factors including reaction time, dosage, nZVI loading on Cd fractionation, soil available iron, pH, CEC, and soil enzyme activity were comprehensively discussed. It can be concluded that nZVI@BC exhibited more excellent immobilization effect of Cd, and was positively correlated with dosage and reaction time, but negatively related to nZVI loading. As a result, 5% nZVI@BC(1:3) performed the best. Soil available iron, pH, and CEC were significantly enhanced with increasing nZVI loading. The immobilization mechanism was analyzed, including ion exchange, physical adsorption, surface complexation, electrostatic attraction as well as co-precipitation. Besides, nZVI@BC remarkably promoted soil catalase activity, but inhibited urease and FDA hydrolase activities. Furthermore, the effects and differences on the diversity, abundance, and species composition of soil microbial communities were deeply explored. The order of bacterial community richness in each group was CK > Cd > BC > nZVI@BC, and the bacterial community diversity was CK > nZVI@BC > Cd > BC. The greatest difference of species abundance composition was observed between nZVI@BC treatment group and the control. Additionally, forty-three biomarkers were screened, which primarily belonged to Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. This study will provide the profound theoretical basis for nZVI@BC remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and its microbial community responses.
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